Ginkgo
Improving Memory or Cognitive Function - There are scientific evidence that G. biloba would be helpful. It is worth taking to see if it can improve memory and concentration in those suffering with memory problems. Not all results are positive, however. It seems that it might not be very effective for improving memory in people who don't have memory problems. Treating Dementia / Alzheimer's Disease (AD) - Research results show that this herb may be helpful in treating individuals with mild to moderate dementia or AD. Amazingly, one study showed that it is as effective as the prescription drug Aricept (donepezil). Erectile Dysfunction (ED) / Impotence - There is one study that showed improvement in ED in over half the patients who suffers from poor circulation. Since this supplement increases blood flow, we predict that increasing blood flow to the penis would treat impotence. The article Natural for Remedies for ED lists supplements used to treat erectile dysfunction. 
Table of Contents Suggested Benefits and
Traditional Uses
Side Effects, Toxicity and Warnings Common Drug & Health Condition Interactions Dosage & How to Take It Evidence of BenefitsBelow is a quick summary. For detailed explanation along with comments on research studies, see our article Health Benefits of Ginkgo Biloba.
Frequently Asked Questions and FactsWhat is it?The
ginkgo tree is one of the oldest plant in the world. The ginkgo seeds
have been used by Chinese as a traditional medicine for thousands of
years. Germany approves it for use
in treating dementia such as Alzheimer's disease and
circulation problems.
There are several active ingredients found in G. biloba including flavonoids, terpenoids and organic acids. How does it function? Research
studies suggest that this herb has powerful antioxidant activities and
thus protects cells from damage. It is also suggested that it might
also protect nerve and retinal (eye) tissues. There is evidence that it
also has an anti-inflammatory effect.
Studies show that taking this herb improves blood circulation in the brain, coronary arteries and the rest of the body, including in the eyes, fingers and toes. Researchers believe that it expands blood vessels making it easier for blood to circulate. As well, G. biloba may relax smooth muscle and increase blood flow to the corpus cavernosum (spongy tissue in the penis responsible for erection). Research will be required in this area to support this claim. As for helping with dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) G. biloba helps to improve and increase blood flow to the brain tissue. Just as important, it also seems protect the brain cells from damage caused by beta-amyloid proteins (a protein that's found in the brain tissue of those suffering from AD). There are as much research studies that show that G. biloba is effective as there are that it is not effective. Many of these research studies are well-designed and involves a large number of volunteers. What about for treating impotence and other sexual problems? Marketed
as an aphrodisiac and for treating erectile dysfunction, many products
contain multiple ingredients such as yohimbe
(yohimbine), catuaba,
horny goat weed
(epimedium), maca, L-arginine, ginseng, muira
puama, tribulus
terrestris, DHEA
and vitamins and minerals.
Suggested Benefits and Traditional UsesOrally
Topically (on the skin)
Side Effects, Toxicity and WarningsCommon side effects of ginkgo leaf and extracts include: headache, nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, restlessness, palpitations, dizziness, fatigue and allergic skin reactions.Uncooked fresh ginkgo seeds contain a chemical known as ginkgotoxin, which can cause seizures. For your safety, do not take G. biloba seeds. Ginkgo and extracts appear to contain very little ginkgotoxin and is not expected to cause toxicity. The use of ginkgo is associated with the increased risk of bleeding, even in people with no history of bleeding disorders. This is major danger with the use of G. biloba. There are many case reports of bleeding during surgery, including bleeding in the eye during cataract surgery. In one major study, researchers H.H. Dodge et al. (2008) noticed an increased number of stroke (bleeding in the brain) in the group taking G. biloba. Probably Safe - When consumed in appropriate amounts, it appears to be safe. Clinical studies have been conducted up to six years using standardized extracts. Pregnancy and Lactation - It is not recommended to use this herb during pregnancy. It might affect female hormone levels and cause uterine contractions. Avoid using when possible.
Common Drug & Health Condition InteractionsWarfarin / Blood Thinners / Bleeding Disorder - theoretical This
herb has been associated with increase in bleeding risk but current
research does not show any change in bleeding time or platelet effects
(Bekert, 2007, Engelsen, 2003 and Bal Dit Sollier, 2003).
There has been many case reports of bleeding that is associated with using this herb but researchers points out that it is hard to associate it directly to using this herb. Surgical Procedures / Dental Procedures - theoretical Experts advise
stopping this herb 2 weeks prior to surgery. This is to
avoid potential
increased bleeding risk from using this supplement.
Research done by Bekert (2007) concluded that this herb does not increase the risk of bleeding during surgical operations. Consult with your health care professional if you are taking G. biloba and have a scheduled surgery or dental cleaning visit. High Blood Pressure Medication - caution This
herb may lower blood pressure. If you are currently on medication to
control high blood pressure, monitor your blood pressure closely when
starting this herb.
Diabetes (Type 2 or non-insulin dependent type) - caution This
herb may change insulin production by the body. It might affect the
blood sugar levels of those with diabetes. Monitor your blood sugar
levels when starting or stopping this herb.
Infertility - avoid if possible Animal
studies suggest that the herb might inhibit fertilization of the egg.
There are no studies in human to show if this is also the case.
Dosage & How to Take ItThe most common format is the concentrated standardized ginkgo biloba extract (GBE).Orally Extracts are
taken from the ginkgo leaf and made into tablets,
capsules, tinctures or as a tea.
As well, it can be found in topical cream or
gel preparations.
The dosage of this supplement varies significantly. Dosage used ranges from 80 mg twice daily to 200 mg three times daily. Standardized G. biloba extract (GBE) formulations typically contain 24 to 32% flavonoids and 6 to 12% terpenoids. Start with a low dose of 40 mg two or three times daily (80 to 120 mg daily dose) and increase upwards. This will avoid any side effects as your body adjust to the presence of the herb. Research studies suggest that higher dosages of this herb show more effectiveness than a lower dosage. Gel or Cream There is no
research studies done on the benefits of using G. biloba on
the skin.
Transdermal Patch There
is no research information to show that G. biloba can cross the skin.
This formulation may not be effective. We recommend that you take the
pills instead. Related
Articles and Resources Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease - FAQs and Facts Return to Natural Remedies List
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